#include <stdio.h>      
#include <unistd.h>      
      
int main()      
{      
    printf("before: ppid = %d,pid = %d\n", getppid(), getpid());    
    
    fork();    
    
    printf("after:  ppid = %d,pid = %d\n", getppid(), getpid());    
        
    return 0;    
}          
